Izithombe ezilandwe kuwebhusayithi ye-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press Office ziyatholakala ezinhlanganweni ezingenzi nzuzo, abezindaba, kanye nomphakathi ngaphansi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution NonCommerce No Derivatives License.Ngeke ukwazi ukushintsha izithombe ezinikeziwe ngaphandle uma zinqampuniwe zaba usayizi olungile.Ikhredithi kufanele isetshenziswe lapho udlala izithombe;uma ingekho ohlwini ngezansi, xhumanisa isithombe ne-“MIT”.
Abacwaningi e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology benze umshini ophathwayo wokukhipha usawoti emanzini onesisindo esingaphansi kuka-10 kg okhipha izinhlayiya nosawoti ukuze ukhiqize amanzi okuphuza.
Idivayisi elingana nepotimende isebenzisa amandla amancane kuneshaja yocingo futhi inganikwa amandla yiphaneli yelanga ephathekayo ephathekayo engathengwa ku-inthanethi cishe ngama-$50.Ikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo amanzi okuphuza angaphezu kwamazinga e-World Health Organization.Ubuchwepheshe bupakishwe kudivayisi esebenziseka kalula esebenza ku-cindezela inkinobho.
Ngokungafani nabanye abakhi bamanzi abaphathwayo abadinga amanzi ukuze adlule esisefweni, lo mshini usebenzisa ugesi ukuze ukhiphe izinhlayiya emanzini okuphuza.Ukushintshwa kwesihlungi akudingekile, kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.
Lokhu kungavumela iyunithi ukuthi lisatshalaliswe ezindaweni ezikude nezinezinsiza kakhulu, njengemiphakathi eseziqhingini ezincane noma emikhunjini yezimpahla engasogwini.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukusiza ababaleki ababalekela izinhlekelele zemvelo noma amasosha ahileleke emisebenzini yezempi yesikhathi eside.
“Lesi isiphetho sohambo lweminyaka engu-10 kimina neqembu lami.Eminyakeni edlule besisebenza ngefiziksi ngemuva kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokususa usawoti emanzini, kodwa sifaka yonke le ntuthuko ebhokisini, sakha uhlelo futhi silwenza olwandle.Kube okuzuzisa kakhulu futhi kwaba nakho okuzuzisayo kimi,” kusho umbhali ophezulu uJongyoon Han, uprofesa wobunjiniyela bakagesi, isayensi yekhompyutha, kanye ne-bioengineering futhi oyilungu le-Electronics Research Laboratory (RLE).
U-Khan wajoyinwa umbhali wokuqala u-Jungyo Yoon, u-RLE Fellow, u-Hyukjin J. Kwon, owayengumfundi we-postdoctoral, u-Sungku Kang, uzakwabo ongumfundi we-postdoctoral e-Northeastern University, kanye ne-US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) u-Eric Braque.Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ku-inthanethi kujenali ye-Environmental Science & Technology.
U-Yoon wachaza ukuthi izitshalo eziphathwayo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini ngokuvamile zidinga amaphampu anengcindezi ephezulu ukuze ashayele amanzi ngezihlungi, okunzima ukuzenza zibe zincane ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kweyunithi.
Kunalokho, idivayisi yabo isuselwe kuqhinga elibizwa nge-ion-concentration polarization (ICP), iqembu lika-Khan elaphayona eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.Esikhundleni sokuhlunga amanzi, inqubo ye-ICP isebenzisa inkambu kagesi kulwelwesi olutholakala ngenhla nangaphansi komzila wamanzi.Lapho izinhlayiya ezinecala elihle noma elibi, kuhlanganise nama-molecule kasawoti, amabhaktheriya nama-virus, zidlula kulwelwesi, ziyaxoshwa kuwo.Izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe ziqondiswe emthonjeni wamanzi wesibili, ogcina ukhishwa.
Le nqubo isusa izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe nezimisiwe, okuvumela amanzi ahlanzekile ukuba adlule eziteshini.Ngoba idinga kuphela iphampu yokucindezela okuphansi, i-ICP isebenzisa amandla amancane kunobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Kodwa i-ICP ayihlali iwususi wonke usawoti ontantayo phakathi nesiteshi.Ngakho-ke abacwaningi basebenzise inqubo yesibili ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrodialysis ukuze basuse ama-ion kasawoti asele.
U-Yun no-Kang basebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukuze bathole inhlanganisela ephelele ye-ICP namamojula we-electrodialysis.Ukusetha okuphelele kuqukethe inqubo ye-ICP yezigaba ezimbili lapho amanzi edlula amamojula ayisithupha esigabeni sokuqala, bese edlula amamojula amathathu esigabeni sesibili, alandelwe inqubo ye-electrodialysis.Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenkathi ukwenza inqubo izihlanze ngokwayo.
"Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo zingabanjwa ulwelwesi lwe-ion exchange, uma zibanjiwe, singasusa kalula izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe ngokumane siguqule i-polarity yensimu kagesi," kuchaza u-Yun.
Bashwabene futhi bagcina amamojula e-ICP kanye ne-electrodialysis ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwabo kwamandla futhi bawavumele ukuthi alingane kumayunithi aphathekayo.Abacwaningi benze ithuluzi labangewona ochwepheshe ukuze baqale inqubo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini okuzenzakalelayo nokuhlanza ngeyodwa njeinkinobho.Uma usawoti kanye nokubalwa kwezinhlayiyana kwehlela ngaphansi kwemikhawulo ethile, idivayisi yazisa abasebenzisi ukuthi amanzi aselungele ukuphuzwa.
Abacwaningi baphinde benza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone olulawula idivayisi ngokungenantambo futhi babike idatha yesikhathi sangempela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla nosawoti wamanzi.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri ngamanzi anamazinga ahlukahlukene anosawoti kanye ne-turbidity (turbidity), idivayisi yahlolwa ensimini e-Boston's Carson Beach.
U-Yoon no-Kwon babeka ibhokisi ebhange base bephonsa okokuphakelayo emanzini.Ngemva kwesigamu sehora, lo mshini wagcwalisa inkomishi yepulasitiki ngamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile.
“Kube mnandi kakhulu futhi kwamangaza ukuthi ibe yimpumelelo nangesikhathi yethulwa okokuqala.Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi isizathu esikhulu sokuphumelela kwethu ukuqoqwa kwazo zonke lezi zintuthuko ezincane esizenzile endleleni,” kusho uKhan.
Amanzi aphumayo adlula izindinganiso zekhwalithi ze-World Health Organization, futhi ukufakwa kunciphisa inani lezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe okungenani izikhathi eziyi-10.I-prototype yabo ikhiqiza amanzi okuphuza ngesilinganiso samalitha angu-0.3 ngehora futhi idla amahora angu-20 watt-amahora ilitha.
Ngokusho kukaKhan, enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo oluphathwayo ukwakha idivayisi enembile engasetshenziswa yinoma ubani.
U-Yoon unethemba lokuthengisa ubuchwepheshe ngesiqalisi ahlela ukusisungula ukuze enze idivayisi isebenziseke kalula futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwayo kwamandla nokusebenza kwayo.
Elebhu, uKhan ufuna ukusebenzisa izifundo azifundile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ezindabeni zekhwalithi yamanzi ngaphandle kokukhipha usawoti emanzini, njengokutholwa ngokushesha kwezinto ezingcolile emanzini okuphuza.
“Impela wuhlelo oluthokozisayo futhi ngiyaziqhenya ngenqubekela phambili esesiyenzile kuze kube manje, kodwa usemkhulu umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe,” usho kanje.
Isibonelo, nakuba "ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo eziphathwayo kusetshenziswa izinqubo ze-electromembrane kuyindlela yokuqala nethakazelisayo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini amancane angaphandle kwegridi," imiphumela yokungcola, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi enodaka oluphakeme, ingakhuphula kakhulu izidingo zokunakekelwa kanye nezindleko zamandla. , kuphawula u-Nidal Hilal, uProf. engineer kanye nomqondisi we-Abu Dhabi Water Research Center eNyuvesi yaseNew York, owayengahileleki kulolu cwaningo.
“Omunye umkhawulo ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibizayo,” engeza."Kuzojabulisa ukubona izinhlelo ezifanayo zisebenzisa izinto ezingabizi."
Ucwaningo luxhaswe ngokwengxenye yi-DEVCOM Soldier Center, i-Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Laboratory (J-WAFS), iNortheastern University Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme ku-Experimental Artificial Intelligence, kanye ne-Ru Institute of Artificial Intelligence.
Abacwaningi e-MIT's Electronics Research Laboratory basungule i-watermaker ephathekayo engakwazi ukuguqula amanzi olwandle abe amanzi okuphuza aphephile, ngokusho kukaFortune's Ian Mount.UMount ubhala ukuthi usosayensi ongumcwaningi uJongyun Khan kanye nesitshudeni esineziqu uBruce Crawford basungula i-Nona Technologies ukuze bathengise umkhiqizo.
Abacwaningi e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology “benze umshini wokukhipha usawoti emanzini ontantayo mahhala ohlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi zezihwamuzi ezibuyisela ukushisa ekujikeni komhwamuko wamanzi, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo konke,” kubika u-Neil Nell Lewis we-CNN."Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ingahlelwa njengephaneli elintantayo olwandle, amanzi ahlanzekile ngamapayipi ukuya ogwini, noma ingaklanywa ukuthi isebenzise indlu eyodwa iyisebenzise ethangini lamanzi olwandle," kubhala uLewis.
Abacwaningi be-MIT benze i-suitcase-size-sized desalination device engashintsha amanzi anosawoti abe amanzi okuphuza endaweni.cindezela inkinobho, kubika u-Elisaveta M. Brandon we-Fast Company.Lo mshini ungaba “ithuluzi elibalulekile labantu abaseziqhingini ezikude, imikhumbi yezimpahla ezingasogwini, ngisho namakamu ababaleki aseduze namanzi,” kubhala uBrandon.
Intatheli ye-Motherboard u-Audrey Carlton ubhala ukuthi abacwaningi be-MIT basungule "umshini wokukhipha usawoti ongenasici, ophathwayo osebenzisa izinkambu zikagesi ezikhiqizwa yilanga ukuphambukisa izinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo njengosawoti, amagciwane namagciwane."Ukushoda kuyinkinga ekhulayo yawo wonke umuntu ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle.Asifuni ikusasa elifiphele, kodwa sifuna ukusiza abantu bazilungiselele.”
Umshini omusha ophathwayo wokukhipha usawoti emanzini owenziwe ngelanga owenziwe ngabacwaningi be-MIT ungakhiqiza amanzi okuphuza endaweniukuthinta kwenkinobho, ngokusho kukaTony Ho Tran weThe Daily Beast."Idivayisi ayincikile kunoma yiziphi izihlungi njengamanzi ajwayelekile," kubhala uTran."Esikhundleni salokho, ikhipha ugesi emanzini ukuze ikhiphe amaminerali, njengezinhlayiya zikasawoti, emanzini."