Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinyathelweni zokuphepha kwenyukile kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, ngokocwaningo olusha.Nokho ziningi izigameko zezibhamu ezikoleni kunakuqala.
Ngenkathi u-Adam Lane eba uthishanhloko waseHaynes City High School eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, akukho lutho olwalungavimba abahlaseli ukuba bagqekeze isikole, esiseduze kwamawolintshi, ipulazi lezinkomo, kanye namathuna maphakathi neFlorida.
Namuhla, isikole sizungezwe uthango lwamamitha ayi-10, futhi ukufinyelela ekhampasi kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngamasango akhethekile.Izivakashi kumele zicindezele ii-buzzer inkinobhoukungena phambi kwedeski.Amakhamera angaphezu kuka-40 aqapha izindawo ezibalulekile.
Imininingwane emisha ekhishwe ngoLwesine isinika ukuqonda ngezindlela eziningi izikole eziqinise ngazo ezokuphepha kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, njengoba izwe liqophe izigameko ezintathu zokudutshulwa kwezikole ezibi kakhulu emlandweni, kanye nokunye ukudubula okuvamile ezikoleni.Izimbangela zezenzakalo nazo sezivame kakhulu.
Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezikole zikahulumeni zase-US manje zilawula ukufinyelela kumakhempasi - hhayi nje izakhiwo - phakathi nosuku lwesikole, kusukela cishe kuhhafu wonyaka wesikole ka-2017-2018.Zilinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-43 izikole zikahulumeni “izinkinobho eziphuthumayo” noma izinhlabamkhosi ezingasho lutho ezixhumeka ngokuqondile emaphoyiseni uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, zisuka kumaphesenti angu-29 eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.Ngokocwaningo olukhishwe yiNational Center for Education Statistics, isikhungo sokucwaninga esisebenzisana noMnyango Wezemfundo wase-US, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-78 banamangidi emagumbini abo okufundela, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-65.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezikole zikahulumeni zibika ukuthi ziba nezivivinyo eziyisishiyagalolunye noma ngaphezulu zokuphuma ngonyaka, okubonisa ukuthi ukuphepha kuyingxenye evamile yokuphila kwesikole.
Eminye yemikhuba okukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu nayo isiguqukile kodwa ayisabalele kangako.Amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye ezikole zikahulumeni abike ukusetshenziswa kwezithonjana zensimbi ngezikhathi ezithile, kanti amaphesenti angu-6 abike ukuthi azisebenzisa nsuku zonke.Yize izikole eziningi zinamaphoyisa ekhempasi, amaphesenti ama-3 kuphela ezikole zikahulumeni abike othisha abahlomile noma abanye abasebenzi abangavikeleki.
Yize izikole zisebenzisa izigidigidi zamarandi kwezokuphepha kodwa asinciphi izigameko zezibhamu ezikoleni.Esigamekweni sakamuva esenzeke ngeledlule eVirginia, amaphoyisa athi ingane eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala yafika nesibhamu ekhaya yalimaza uthisha wayo kanzima ngaso.
Ngokwe-K-12 School Shooting Database, iphrojekthi yocwaningo elandelela ukudubula noma ukuqhunyiswa kwezibhamu endaweni yesikole, bangaphezu kuka-330 abantu abadutshulwa noma balimala endaweni yesikole ngonyaka odlule, kusukela kwabangu-218 ngo-2018. kungase kuhlanganise namacala lapho kungekho muntu olimale, futhi akhuphuka esuka cishe ku-120 ngo-2018 kuya kwangaphezu kwama-300, asuka ku-22 ngonyaka we-1999 Columbine High School ukudubula.Izingane ezimbili zibulale abantu abangu-13.Abantu.
Ukwanda kodlame lwezibhamu ezikoleni kuza phakathi kokwanda kokudubula nokushona kwabantu ngokudubula e-United States.Sekukonke, isikole sisaphephe kakhulu.
Ukudubula kwezikole “kuyisenzakalo esiyivelakancane kakhulu,” kusho uDavid Readman, umsunguli we-K-12 School Shooting Database.
Umlandeli wakhe wakhomba izikole ezingu-300 ezinezigameko zezibhamu ngonyaka odlule, ingxenye encane yezikole ezicishe zibe ngu-130,000 e-United States.Ukudubulana esikoleni kubalela ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lokufa kwezingane ngokudubula e-United States.
Kodwa-ke, ukulahlekelwa okukhulayo kubeka umthwalo wemfanelo owandayo ezikoleni hhayi kuphela ukufundisa, ukondla nokufundisa izingane, kodwa futhi nokuzivikela ekulimaleni.Izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa izixazululo ezilula njengokukhiya iminyango yekilasi nokukhawulela ukufinyelela ezikoleni.
Kepha ochwepheshe bathi izindlela eziningi “zokuvimbela”, njengezithungatha zensimbi, ojosaka bokubona, noma ukuba nezikhulu ezihlomile esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, azizange zibonakale zisebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukudubula.Amanye amathuluzi, njengamakhamera okuphepha nomaizimo eziphuthumayoizinkinobho, kungasiza ukumisa udlame okwesikhashana, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi kuvinjwe ukudubula.
"Abukho ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi bayasebenza," kusho uMark Zimmerman, umqondisi weNational Center for School Safety yaseNyuvesi yaseMichigan, mayelana nezinyathelo eziningi zokuphepha.“Uma ucindezela iE stopinkinobho, cishe kusho ukuthi othile usevele uyadubula noma usabisa ngokudubula.Lokhu akukona ukuvimbela.”
Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nakho kungaza nezingozi zako.Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi abafundi abamnyama banamathuba aphindwe kane okubhalisa ezikoleni ezigadwa kakhulu kunabafundi bezinye izinhlanga, futhi ngenxa yalezi zinyathelo, abafundi bakulezi zikole bangase bakhokhe “intela yokuphepha” ngokusebenza nokumiswa.
Njengoba iningi lokudubula kwezikole lenziwa abafundi bamanje noma abasanda kuthola iziqu, ontanga yabo okungenzeka kakhulu baqaphele izinsongo futhi babike izinsongo, kusho uFrank Straub, umqondisi weSikhungo Sezwe Samaphoyisa Sesikhungo Sokuvimbela Ukuhlaselwa Ngokocansi.
"Abaningi balaba bantu babehileleke kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza - bafaka ulwazi ku-intanethi base betshela abangani babo," kusho uMnu Straub.Wengeze ngokuthi othisha, abazali nabanye kufanele babheke izimpawu: ingane iyahoxa futhi icindezelekile, umfundi edonsa isibhamu ebhukwini.
"Empeleni, sidinga ukwenza ngcono ekuhlonzeni abafundi be-K-12 abadonsa kanzima," esho.“Futhi kuyabiza.Kunzima ukufakazela ukuthi uyavimba.”
“Kuwo wonke umlando kanye neminyaka embalwa edlule, ngokwanda okumangalisayo kwenani lezenzakalo, isigameko esivame kakhulu kube yimpi efinyelela ukudubulana,” kusho uMnu Readman we-K-12 School Shooting Database.Ubalule umkhuba okhulayo wokudubulana ezweni lonke wathi imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abaningi, ngisho nabadala, bavele belethe izibhamu esikoleni.
U-Christy Barrett, unsumpa weSifunda Sesikole Sase-Hemet Unified School eSouthern California, uyazi ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani, ngeke akwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ubungozi kuwo wonke umuntu esifundeni sakhe sesikole esinabafundi abangu-22,000 nezinkulungwane zezisebenzi.Izikole ezingama-28 futhi cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angama-700.
Kodwa uthathe isinyathelo ngokuqala umgomo wokukhiya iminyango kuwo wonke amakilasi eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Isifunda futhi sithuthela kokhiye beminyango kagesi, esithemba ukuthi kuzonciphisa noma yikuphi "okuguquguqukayo kwabantu" noma ukufuna okhiye enkingeni.“Uma kukhona isigebengu, umdubuli osebenzayo, sinamandla okuvimba yonke into ngokushesha,” kusho yena.
Izikhulu zesikole ziphinde zenze ukusesha okungahleliwe komtshina wensimbi kwezinye izikole zamabanga aphezulu ngemiphumela exubile.
Lezi zixhobo ngezinye izikhathi zimaka izinto ezingenacala njengamafolda esikole, futhi izikhali ziyalahleka uma idivayisi ingasetshenziswa.Yize ethe lokhu kuhlasela bekungaqondile amaqembu, ukuvumile ukukhathazeka okubanzi ngokuthi ukubhekwa kwesikole kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle kubafundi bebala.
“Ngisho noma kuzenzekela, umbono ukhona,” kusho uDkt. Barrett, indawo yakhe egcwele abantu baseSpanishi futhi enabafundi abambalwa abamhlophe nabamnyama.
Manje zonke izikole zamabanga aphezulu esifundeni sezinohlelo olujwayelekile lokuhlonza insimbi ezikhalini.“Wonke umfundi uyabhekana nalokhu,” usho kanje, wengeza ngokuthi azikho izikhali ezitholakele kulo nyaka.
Ngokusho kwakhe kukhona abeluleki kuzo zonke izikole abazobhekana nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo zabafundi.Uma izitshudeni zifaka amagama okuqalisa njengokuthi “ukuzibulala” noma “ukudubula” kumadivayisi akhishwe yisifunda, izinhlelo zibonisa amafulegi ukuze zibone kangcono izingane ezidinga usizo.
Izigameko ezinyantisayo zokudubulana kwabantu abaningi ezikoleni zaseParkland, eFlorida, eSanta Fe, eTexas nase-Uvalde, eTexas, eminyakeni yamuva nje akubanga nomphumela wokwanda kwezinyathelo zokuphepha, kodwa zikuqinisekisile, kusho yena.