Noma ngabe igundane eliyirobhothi elincane noma isifani sikagesi se-IoT esincane, ukwazi ukulawula izinto nge-DC motorumshini wemishiniivula amaphrojekthi amaningi wokudala we-DIY ukuze uhlale umatasa.Kulesi sifundo, sisebenzisa i-la38isilawuli semoto ku-aumshini wemishiniukuze unike amandla futhi ujikeleze i-DC motors!
Ila38I-Motor Controller Module ibhodi elisiza ama-microcontroller nama-microprocessors afana ne-umshini wemishiniamandla e-DC motors adinga ngaphezu kwe-3.3V noma i-5V.
Isebenzisa i-la38I-IC ukuze inike amandla wonke ama-logic nokuphathwa kwamandla okudingekayo ukuqalisa injini nokuhlukanisaumshini wemishinikusuka kuma-voltage aphezulu asetshenziswa ku-DC motor.
Ila38imojula iyisilawuli semoto esiyinhloko kukhithi yamarobhothi yabaqalayo ngoba kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Inamakhanda ephini lapho ungafaka khona ama-jumpers ukuze uyixhume kalula kweyakhoumshini wemishini.Ungakwazi futhi ukusheshisa noma unciphise injini ngokusebenzisa isignali ye-pulse-width modulation (PWM) kuphini layo lokunika amandla.Isikhumulo.
Mayelanaokwamanjes, kwela38yin aphezulu okwamanje.Empeleni i-a10 amp okwamanjes ehlanganisa izinjini ezineamaswishi kagesi okwesikhashana othintana naye.Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usethe isiqondiso samanje ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha injini.Ukushintsha isiqondiso se-current ku-H-bridge nakho kushintsha isiqondiso sokujikeleza kwe-motor.I-la38 inokuxhumana okubili kokulawula, okukuvumela ukuthi ulawule i-motor ngokuzimela.Uma umusha kuhlelo lwePython, ungaphuthelwa yilawa ma-liner awusizo ePython.
Kuluphu yesikhathi, izikhonkwane eziya kwesokunxele Phambili nakwesokudlaPhambili ziqale zivule isekhondi elilodwa.Ukuze ulawule isivinini, shintsha umjikelezo womsebenzi wokukhiphayo wokuvula.Okokuqala uwabeke kumjikelezo wemisebenzi ongu-100% umzuzwana owodwa, bese uwabeka ku-50%.Umjikelezo womsebenzi ongu-100% uzogijima amamotho ngesivinini esiphezulu, kanti umjikelezo womsebenzi ongu-50% uzogijima ngesivinini esiyingxenye.
Ilondoloze njenge-“rpi-dcmotor.py” nanoma yiliphi elinye igama lefayela uma igcina ngesandiso esithi “.py”.Ngemva kwalokho vala eyakhoumshini wemishini.
QAPHELA.Lezi zikhonkwane ze-jumper zixhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo iphinikhodi ye-EN ku-5V, "ikuvumela" ukuthi ulawuleokwamanjengephinikhodi engu-IN.Ngenkathi kufanele ngabe usahlinzeka ngamandla ngale phinikhodi, i-5V ingabangela izinkinga ezithileumshini wemishininjengoba kufanele isebenzise i-3.3V esikhundleni se-5V.Futhi, ukuxhuma lezi phini ku-umshini wemishiniizokuvumela ukuthi ulawule isivinini sezinjini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi..
Ithiphu: Ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi inombolo yephinikhodi ekuweumshini wemishini, yibambe ukuze amaphinikhodi e-GPIO abe kwesokudla.Lezi izingcezwana zensimbi ezihlezi ethreyini elimnyama.Khona-ke uma ubheka iphinikhodi engaphezulu kwesokunxele kulelo threyi, lowo uphini 1. Ngakwesokudla kwalapho kukhona uphini 2. Ngaphansi kukaphini ongu-1 kukhona uphini 3, njalo njalo.
QAPHELA.Izinjini eziningi ze-DC azivamile ukuba nezintambo ze-solder.Ungakwazi ukuzithengisa ngokwakho.Noma iyiphi igeji izosebenza, kodwa intambo yethusi eboshiwe isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ikhodi ngokusebenzisa iskripthi kutheminali.Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, udinga ukwengeza amandla ku-la38imojula.
Ila38I-DC Motor Controller Module ingaxhunywa kunoma yimuphi ugesi we-DC inqobo nje uma i-voltage ingeqi ku-45V.Mayelana nokusebenziseka, kungaba lula ukusebenzisa ibhethri le-9V kanye nepulaki ye-DC exhunywe kumatheminali amandla emojuli.
Akumele futhi ukhathazeke ngamabhethri e-9V alimaza ibhethri lakhoumshini wemishini.Ila38Imojula isebenzisa i-IC ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-MOSFET esebenza njengesidluliseli samandla aphansi, ibe yi-ugesi wesikhashanashintsha ehlukanisa izikhonkwane zakho kumthombo wamandla.
Ngingakuthumela kanjani okwamanje kusuka kuphini ukuze ngenze i-DC motor spin?Ake sihlolisise indlela esenza ngayo i-motor spin.
Ila38motor isilawuli module isebenzisa ezininganaugesi wesikhashanaamaswishi ukulawula ukujikeleza motor.Ungacabanga ngala maswishi njengokushintsha odongeni, ngaphandle kokuthi awasebenzisi iminwe yakho ukuze asebenze - asebenzisa i-3.3V kusukaumshini wemishini.
Futhi yilapho GPIO.output( , GPIO.HIGH).Lena yi-GPIO.output(, GPIO.HIGH).Ukusetha le phinikhodi ku-GPIO.HIGH kubangela le phini ukuthi ikhiphe i-3.3V.Lokhuivula iswishi, okuvumela ukugeleza kwamanje kunjini.Umsinga ube usuzungeza injini.Ukuphenyisela lawa maphini ku-GPIO.LOW kucisha iswishi, okunqamula amandla enjini.
Singashintsha isiqondiso sokujikeleza kwemoto ngokushintsha isiqondiso samanje ngokusebenzisa injini.Yingakho sinezikhonkwane ezimbili ezihlukene zokulawula ukujikeleza kwenjini eyodwa: ngemuva nangaphambili.Bayasebenzaugesi wesikhashanaamaswishi nhlangothi zombili zokunikezwa kwamandla enjini, aqondise amandla phambili noma emuva.
Okufanayo kuya ngesivinini.Ngokungafani nezikhonkwane zokuphuma phambili nangemuva, iphinikhodi ilawula inani lamandla ageleza emoteni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ngokwandisa i-voltage lapho thintana naye ovulayo, amaswishi abo avula kancane "ebanzi" futhi avumele amandla amaningi ukuthi ageleze ngenjini.Ukwandisa amandla ezinjini kuzenza zijike ngokushesha.Ukuncipha kubenza bahambe kancane.
Useumshini wemishini, sisebenzisa i-PWM noma i-Pulse Modulation ukuze silawule i-voltage ephumayo yamaphini.Ukwenyusa umjikelezo wokusebenza kuletha amandla kagesi aphezulu eduze kuka-3.3V, futhi kuyehlisa kusondele ku-0V.
Eqinisweni, ungakwazi"cisha” injini ngandlela thize ngokusetha injini inike amandla iphinikhodi ku-0V.Kucabange njengento efana nemoto: izikhonkwane ezivumela ukuthi zinikeze amandla zinikeza igesi enika amandla amamotho, futhi izikhonkwane eziya phambili nangemuva zihambisa amagiya, ziwavumele ukuthi aye phambili noma emuva.
Ayahluka kuye ngokuthi amakhoyili awo e-solenoid atholakala kuphi.Injini ye-DC brushed inekhoyili phakathi nendawo ezungeza phakathi kweringi yezibuthe ezihlala njalo.Amamotho e-Brushless DC anamakhoyili ngakolunye uhlangothi - amakhoyili awo kagesi azungeza omazibuthe baphakade.
Amamotho wokuqoqa ashibhile futhi asebenza kahle ngesivinini esiphansi.Kodwa-ke, avame ukushisa ngokushesha kunama-brushless motors futhi awawongi amandla.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamotho angama-brushless angafinyelela isivinini esikhulu, ashise kancane, futhi asebenzise amandla amancane ukuzungeza ngokushesha kunamamotho abhulashiwe.
Uma usebenzisa injini ngaphakathi aumshini wemishiniirobhothi isondo gearbox, motor brushed kufanele kube ngcono.Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa injini engageyelwe njengesiphephetha-moya esincane sikagesi, i-brushless motor kufanele ibe ngcono.
Nakuba lokhu kungase kuhluke ngomkhiqizi, ungalindela ukuphakama kwesilinganiso esingu-2A ngemoto ngayinyela38motor driver module.
UTrence ungumshisekeli wamarobhothi ozama ukwakha irobhothi elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni.Ukube ubengashisi ama-LED njengento yesibili yokuzilibazisa, ngabe wakwenza lokhu kudala.
Ukudalulwa Kokubambisana.Ukwenza kube lula ukuthola amakhomishini emikhiqizweni ethengwe ngezixhumanisi zethu kusekela umsebenzi esiwenzela abafundi bethu.